beta

Ett låglutande galler (s.k. beta-galler). Då vattenhastigheten mot gallret alltid är mindre än svephastigheten längs med gallret sveps eller leds fisken mot gallrets slut. Vid gallrets slut finns flyktöppningen – tex. en eller flera ingångar till en bypass.

Låglutande galler används allt mer för att leda nedströmsvandrande fiskar till flyktöppningar och säkra pasagevägar förbi vattenkraftverk.Låglutande galler har tillexempel installerats för att passera nedströmsvandrande fisk i Ätran och Mörrumsån. Olle Calles, forskare vid Karlstads Universitet, leder en samling projekt som under det kommande året ska studera för- och nackdelar med låglutande galler med olika spaltvidd. Idén är att experimentellt testa hur låglutande galler med olika spaltvidd påverkar den avledande funktionen för laxsmolt och ål. Men även hydrauliska förhållanden (fallförluster) och drivgodsproblematik kommer att studeras under de olika spaltvidder. Hypotesen, vad gäller fisken, är att låglutande galler har både en fysisk och en beteendemässig avledande funktion. Detta innebär att även fisk som fysiskt kan passera gallret väljer att inte göra det utan att de i stället visar en preferens för flyktöppningarna. Genom att testa olika spaltvidder hoppas man kunna hitta en spaltvidd som är optimal för att kombinera fiskpassage och vattenkraftsproduktion.

Ålprojektet finansieras av Krafttag Ål medan lax experimenten finansieras av Energiforsks “Miljöprogram vattenkraft”.

Läs mer om ålexperimentet här: Betydelsen av spaltvidd på låglutande galler med avseende på ålpassage.

Last Tuesday, Ewa Orlikowska, PhD-student at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, gave a seminar titled “Gaps in ecological research on the world’s largest internationally coordinated network of protected areas: A review of Natura 2000” at Karlstad University. The seminar is available online upon request. Send an e-mail to john.piccolo@kau.se to get access to the seminar.

The papers Gaps in ecological research on the world’s largest internationally coordinated network of protected areas: A review of Natura 2000 and Contribution of social science to large scale biodiversity conservation: A review of research about the Natura 2000 network, both by Orlikowska et al. relate to the seminar content.

natura2000

Natura 2000 sites. Map from European Environment Agency.

nyqvist2016cLast Friday, I, Daniel Nyqvist, successfully defended my PhD-thesis “Atlantic salmon in regulated rivers – Migration, dam passage, and fish behavior” at Karlstad University. Scott Hinch (University of British Columbia, Canada) was opponent and Eva Thorstad (NINA, Norway), Kim Aarestrup (DTU AQUA, Denmark) and Hans Lundqvist (Swedish University of Agriculture) constituted the grading committee (betygskommitté). The short abstract of the thesis reads:

“Hydropower dams block migration routes, thereby posing a threat to migratory fish species. Fishways and other fish passage solutions may aid fish to pass hydropower dams. A functional fish passage solution, however, must ensure safe and timely passage for a substantial portion of the migrating fish. In this thesis, I focus on downstream passage and evaluate the behavior and survival of migrating Atlantic salmon in relation to dams in systems with (1) no fish passage solutions (2) simple passage solutions (3) best available passage solutions. In addition, I studied the survival and behavior of post-spawners and hatchery-released smolts.

A large portion of the spawners survived spawning and initiated downstream migration. For hatchery-reared smolts, early release was associated with faster initiation of migration and higher survival compared to late release. Multiple dam passage resulted in high mortality, and high spill levels were linked to high survival and short delay for downstream migrating salmon. For smolts, dam passage, even with simple passage solutions, was associated with substantial delay and mortality. Rapid passage of a large portion of the migrating adult salmon was achieved using best available passage solutions.”

The frame of the thesis is available here. Already published papers included in the thesis are Post-Spawning Survival and Downstream Passage of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in a Regulated River: Is There Potential for Repeat Spawning? (in River Research and Applications) and Migratory delay leads to reduced passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at a hydroelectric dam (in Ecology of Freshwater Fish). For full access to the thesis, contact daniel.nyqvist@kau.se.

Imorgon, onsdagen den 7:e december, kommer Johan Watz, forskare vid Karlstads Universitet, att berätta om öringens vinterbeteende i rinnande vatten. Evenemanget är en del av universitetets “Möt en forskare”-serie och ges kl. 12:00 – 12:45 i Studieverkstaden på plan 3 i universitetets bibliotek. Alla är välkomna!

motenforskare

flodparlmussla

Freshwater pearl mussels.

The paper “Heavy loads of parasitic freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.) larvae impair foraging, activity and dominance performance in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)”  by Karl Filipsson, Tina Petersson, Johan Höjesjö, John Piccolo, Joacim Näslund, Niklas Wengström, Martin Österling was recently published in Ecology of Freshwater Fish. In the abstract the authors write:

“The life cycle of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) includes a parasitic larval phase (glochidia) on the gills of a salmonid host. Glochidia encystment has been shown to affect both swimming ability and prey capture success of brown trout (Salmo trutta), which suggests possible fitness consequences for host fish. To further investigate the relationship between glochidia encystment and behavioural parameters in brown trout, pairs (n = 14) of wild-caught trout (infested vs. uninfested) were allowed to drift feed in large stream aquaria and foraging success, activity, agonistic behaviour and fish coloration were observed. No differences were found between infested and uninfested fish except for in coloration, where infested fish were significantly darker than uninfested fish. Glochidia load per fish varied from one to several hundred glochidia, however, and high loads had significant effects on foraging, activity and behaviour. Trout with high glochidia loads captured less prey, were less active and showed more subordinate behaviour than did fish with lower loads. Heavy glochidia loads therefore may negatively influence host fitness due to reduced competitive ability. These findings have implications not only for management of mussel populations in the streams, but also for captive breeding programmes which perhaps should avoid high infestation rates. Thus, low levels of infestation on host fish which do not affect trout behaviour but maintains mussel populations may be optimal in these cases.”

Read the paper here. If you don’t have access to the journal’s content, email any of the authors.

tagged

Radiotagged migrating brown trout.

Next week, Daniel Nyqvist, PhD-student at Karlstad University, will defend his (my…) thesis “Atlantic salmon in regulated rivers: migration, dam passage, and fish behavior”. The defense will take place on Friday, December 9th, at 10:15 in room 9C 203 on Karlstad University. The abstract and the frame of the thesis are available online here.

Scott Hinch (University of British Columbia, Canada) is the opponent and Eva Thorstad (NINA, Norway), Kim Aarestrup (DTU AQUA, Denmark) and Hans Lundqvist (Swedish University of Agriculture) constitute the grading committee (betygskommitté). The visiting researchers will give seminars at Karlstad University on Thursday, December 8th. The seminars start at 14:15 in room 5F322:

Scott Hinch: Using telemetry in adaptive management experiments at fish passage facilities

Eva Thorstad: New results on downstream migration of eel and salmon past power stations in Germany

Hans Lundqvist: Wild Baltic stocks of Atlantic salmon in northern Sweden: Where are we and where are we going in Umeälven?

Kim Aarestrup has yet to disclose the title of his seminar.

Everyone is welcome to attend both the PhD-defense and the seminars.